Assessment of the socio-economic impact of the invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera:Tephritidae) in Mozambique

Fruit flies are among the most important pests of fruits and vegetables in the world. The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera:Tephritidae) was first detected in Africa in 2003 in Kenya, has spread to at least 27 countries attacking a wide variety of crops. It causes reduction of fruit quality, loss of market value and, as a quarantine pest, also causes rejection of fruits at international markets. In Mozambique, B. invadens was recorded for the first time in 2007 in Niassa Province. However, no studies were conducted to assess its associated socio-economic impact in the country. From January to May 2012, 13 private fruit producers of mango and banana and 65 small scale fruit sellers were interviewed in Cabo Delgado, Nampula and Manica Provinces. Relevant means and statistics were calculated and means were compared. From the farmers officially registered, 75% have heard about the invasive fruit fly, while among the sellers, only 40% know this pest. Exporting fruit producers have lost temporarily the South African market and permanently the Zimbabwean market. Due to domestic quarantine, farmers also lost the biggest trade center (Maputo) in the country. The volume of sales reduced significantly and private investments in fruit sector were suspended. Mango farmers had an increase in cost of production of more than USD 780 / ha in control measures during the mango season. Selling price is lower than expected (25% less) causing reduction of 30% in rural family’s income. So, fruit production in Mozambique became uneconomic and families’ economy and food security were negatively affected with B. invadens introduction.