Responding to the soybean rust epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow), a major threat to soybean production, is a new pathogen on the African continent, where it is increasingly threatening soybean production. The fungus is highly variable, and this complicates most disease management strategies. Most research on soybean rust, its epidemiology and management has been in the Orient, and only limited work has been done in Africa. However, experiences in the Orient will be important for soybean rust researchers in Africa, who are currently combating the epidemic. This approach will be necessary to design and implement rust management strategies in the African countries already affected, and those as yet unaffected. Because there is little information on distribution, epidemiology, and management of soybean rust from Africa, this paper provides an overview on 1) soybean rust epidemiology, disease assessments and management, as experienced in the endemic areas, 2) the distribution of soybean rust in Africa, 3) on-going research activities in the African countries most affected, and 4) discusses priority research activities. This review is intended to stimulate future research activities, leading to a better understanding of the pathogen, its biology and ecology, and management.